$git checkout -b rails-flavored-ruby

| Ruby on Rails Tutorial Sample App

$ rails test
3 tests, 6 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

$ nano ~/.irbrc

$ rails console
Loading development environment
>>

>>  "foo bar     baz".split     
=> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]

>> "fooxbarxbaz".split('x')
=> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]

>> a                  # 配列「a」の内容を確認する
=> [42, 8, 17]
>> a.first
=> 42
>> a.second
=> 8
>> a.last
=> 17
>> a.last == a[-1]    # == を使って比較する
=> true

>> a
=> [42, 8, 17]
>> a.empty?
=> false
>> a.include?(42)
=> true
>> a.sort
=> [8, 17, 42]
>> a.reverse
=> [17, 8, 42]
>> a.shuffle
=> [17, 42, 8]
>> a
=> [42, 8, 17]

>> a.push(6)                  # 6を配列に追加する
=> [42, 8, 17, 6]
>> a << 7                     # 7を配列に追加する
=> [42, 8, 17, 6, 7]
>> a << "foo" << "bar"        # 配列に連続して追加する
=> [42, 8, 17, 6, 7, "foo", "bar"]

>> a
=> [42, 8, 17, 6, 7, "foo", "bar"]
>> a.join                       # 単純に連結する
=> "4281767foobar"
>> a.join(', ')                 # カンマ+スペースを使って連結する
=> "42, 8, 17, 6, 7, foo, bar"

>> (0..9).to_a            
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>> a = %w[foo bar baz quux]         # %wを使って文字列の配列に変換
=> ["foo", "bar", "baz", "quux"]
>> a[0..2]
=> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]

>> a = (0..9).to_a
=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>> a[2..(a.length-1)] # 明示的に配列の長さを使って選択
=> [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>> a[2..-1] # 添字に-1を使って選択
=> [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>> ('a'..'e').to_a
=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

>> (1..5).each { |i| puts 2 * i }
2
4
6
8
10
=> 1..5

>> (1..5).each do |i|
?>   puts 2 * i
>> end
2
4
6
8
10
=> 1..5

>> (1..5).map { |i| i**2 }          # 「**」記法は冪乗 (べき乗) 
=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
>> %w[a b c]                        # %w で文字列の配列を作成
=> ["a", "b", "c"]
>> %w[a b c].map { |char| char.upcase }
=> ["A", "B", "C"]
>> %w[A B C].map { |char| char.downcase }
=> ["a", "b", "c"]

>> %w[A B C].map(&:downcase)
=> ["a", "b", "c"]

>> user = {}                          # {}は空のハッシュ
=> {}
>> user["first_name"] = "Michael"     # キーが "first_name" で値が "Michael"
=> "Michael"
>> user["last_name"] = "Hartl"        # キーが "last_name" で値が "Hartl"
=> "Hartl"
>> user["first_name"]                 # 要素へのアクセスは配列の場合と似ている
=> "Michael"
>> user                               # ハッシュのリテラル表記
=> {"last_name"=>"Hartl", "first_name"=>"Michael"}

>> user = { "first_name" => "Michael", "last_name" => "Hartl" }
=> {"last_name"=>"Hartl", "first_name"=>"Michael"}

>> h1 = { :name => "Michael Hartl", :email => "michael@example.com" }
=> {:name=>"Michael Hartl", :email=>"michael@example.com"}

>> h2 = { name: "Michael Hartl", email: "michael@example.com" }
=> {:name=>"Michael Hartl", :email=>"michael@example.com"}

>> params = {}        # 'params' というハッシュを定義する ('parameters' の略)。
=> {}
>> params[:user] = { name: "Michael Hartl", email: "mhartl@example.com" }
=> {:name=>"Michael Hartl", :email=>"mhartl@example.com"}
>> params
=> {:user=>{:name=>"Michael Hartl", :email=>"mhartl@example.com"}}
>>  params[:user][:email]
=> "mhartl@example.com"

 >> flash = { success: "It worked!", danger: "It failed." }
=> {:success=>"It worked!", :danger=>"It failed."}
>> flash.each do |key, value|
?>   puts "Key #{key.inspect} has value #{value.inspect}"
>> end
Key :success has value "It worked!"
Key :danger has value "It failed."

>> puts (1..5).to_a            # 配列を文字列として出力
1
2
3
4
5
>> puts (1..5).to_a.inspect    # 配列のリテラルを出力
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>> puts :name, :name.inspect
name
:name
>> puts "It worked!", "It worked!".inspect
It worked!
"It worked!"

>> p :name             # 'puts :name.inspect' と同じ
:name_badge:

stylesheet_link_tag 'application', media: 'all',
                                   'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload'

>> s = "foobar"       # ダブルクォートは実は文字列のコンストラクタ
=> "foobar"
>> s.class
=> String

>> a = Array.new([1, 3, 2])
=> [1, 3, 2]

>> h = Hash.new
=> {}
>> h[:foo]            # 存在しないキー (:foo) の値にアクセスしてみる
=> nil
>> h = Hash.new(0)    # 存在しないキーのデフォルト値をnilから0にする
=> {}
>> h[:foo]
=> 0